Lubricating oils



' more detailed description. is

monoamino compounds.

i naphthyl or other aryl Patented Sept. 24, 1946 Sidney Musher,

New York, N. Y., assignor to Musher Foundation Incorporated, New York,N. Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing.

Original application September 30, 1940, Serial No. 359,105, 2,339,797,dated January 25, 1944.

now Patent No. Divided and this application January 22, 1944, Serial No.

3 Claims. (01. 252-515) The present invention relates to the improvementof lubricating oils.

It is among the objects of the present invention to provide improvedlubricating oils which will have a decreased tendency toward sludgeformation and which will have lessened tendency to cause corrosion ofmetallic surfaces with which such lubricating oils may come in contact.

Still further objects and advantages will appear from the more detaileddescription set forth below, it being understood, howeverf that thisgivenby way of illustration and explanation only, and not by way oflimitation, since various changes therein may be made by those skilledin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the presentinvention.

It has been found that aryi phosphites, triphenyl phosphites and hydroxyand/or amino aromatic compounds do not function most satisfactorily inlubricating oils-to inhibit the formationof sludge and to reduce thetendency of the lubricating 'oil toward producing corrosion on metalsurfaces.

It has however been found that combinations of lecithin with certainaromatic hydroxy compounds and amino compounds and particularlyhydroxylated and alkylated, polyhydroxy, polyamino and aminohydroxycompounds are most effective and surprisingly active in stabilizinglubricating oils at elevated-temperatures.

Although it is preferred to use the polyhydroxy, polyamino, alkylhydroxyand hydroxyamino nuclear compounds, it also has been found satisfactoryto use even poly-nuclear monohydroxy or Among the preferred compoundsthat may be employed in combination with the lecithin for addition tothe lubricating oil followed by an elevated temperature treatment'arecompounds generally included in the groups of the alkyl phenols, alkylnaphthols, til-substituted hydroxylated or aminated benzenes ornaphthalenes, aikoxy phenols or naphthols, di and poly phenyl, toluyl,amines, amino phenols, alkylated Or alkoxylated or hydroxylated toluenesor zylenes. I

Less preferably there may be employed polynnclear aromatic hydrocarbonsor their derivatives, such hydrocarbons containing at least 3 nuclei oreven hydrocarbons of the nature of the naphthalenes or terpenes or theirvarious carboxylated, hydroxylated, alkylated or alkoxylatedderivatives. The preferred compounds are, however, hydroquinone,pyrogallol, ethyl or butyl pyrogallol, guaiacol, quinone,phloro'glucinol, catechol or pyrocatechin, tributyl catechol, triamylcatechol, eugenol, vanillin, carvacrol, thymol, tannins, gallic acid,gallo-tannin, tannic acid, aiphanaphthol, betanaphthol, ortho or paracres01, naphthoquinone, phenylbetanaphthylamine, alpha or betanaphthylamines, p-aminophenol, p-aminosaligenin,' 2,4-di-aminophenol,monobenzyl-p-aminophenol, diphenylethylenediamine,benzyl-m-phenylenediamine, p-aminodimethylaniline, m-toluidine,diphenylhydrazine and tyrosine. .These various materials are included inthe erkpression substituted aranes.

Less preferably, aromatic acids may be utilized, particularly aromaticcarboxy acidscontaining one or more amino groups or hydroxy groupseither inthe nucleus or in aliphatic side chains, such as cinnamic,benzoie, salicylic or phthalic acids.

' It is. of course, possible to use derivatives of the aboveidentifiedcompounds in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in thebenzene or naphthalene nucleus or in the aliphatic side chain or in theamino or hydroxy groups, is or are replaced by alkyl, aryl, hydroxy,amino, alkoxy. keto, aldo or nitro groups although this is usually notpreferred.

This lecithin preferably should be added to or combined with thearomatic compounds in amounts varying from 5 to 30 parts of lecithin foreach 20 parts of the aromatic compound.

The lecithin when mixed with the aromatic should preferably containbetween 10% and 60 of a glyceride oil, preferably a vegetable glycerideoil.

This combination of lecithin and'the aromatic compounds, and preferablythe. glyceride oil, with or without heating before addition, is mixedwith the lubricating oil and thoroughly dispersed therethrough thelubricating oil during the addition or after the-addition being heatedwith agitation to a temperature in excess of 350 F. and

' desirably to between 400 F. and 600 F.

It has been found that the interaction of the lubricating oil, lecithinand the aromatic compound is not most satisfactorily obtained unless thehigh heat treatment is applied to the'lubrieating-oil after or duringaddition of the combination of lecithin and the aromatic compound. andit has been particularly found desirable that such heat treatment shouldbe conducted with substantial agitation for a, period of at least 10minutes and the treatment may be conveniently continued for as long asseveral hours or more.

This is quite surprising due to the fact that effect upon thelubricating oil.

It is not known whether the heat treatment of the lubricating oilcontaining the lecithin and the aromatic compound results in a chemicalaction between the lecithin and aromatic com pound or the lubricatingoil or whether a special kind of catalytic action takes place, but theheat treatment is necessary in order to obtain the desired effect uponthe lubricating oil to retard sludge formation and corrosive tendenciesof the oil.

It has been found most satisfactory to add the combination of lecithinand the aromatic compound in amounts varying from 0.075% to as much as0.75% although'generally between 0.2% and 0.4% are suflicient to show amarkedefl'ect upon the lubricating oil that is treated at the elevatedtemperature with the combination of lecithin and the aromatic compounds.

Preferably an equal mixture of the lecithin and the aromatic compound byweight is employed rather than other proportions as it has generallybeen found that where an equal mixture of the lecithin and the aromaticcompound is prepared and added to the lubricating oil during or followedby the elevated temperature treatment, the most desirable effect on thelubricating oil 'is obtained.

Although it has been found that polyhydroxy, polyamino, alkylhydroxyand/or aminohydroxy compounds of mono-nuclear or poly-nuclear nature ormonoamino or monohydroxy compounds base, or such fractions or portionsof crude petroleum as may be obtained by distillation orsolvent'extraction which will be high in nonsaturated or non-hydrocarboncomponents, such as, for example, extracts which may be obtained withchlorinated or nitrated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such asnitrobenzene, chlorinated ethane, chlorinated ethyl ether or low boilingpoint aliphatic hydrocarbons such as liquefied propane or butane,liquefied sulfur dioxide, phenol, furfural, etc. Extracts may also bemade to obtain similar compositions from coal tar or asphaltic orbituminous materials or residues, the preferred compound in suchextracts or fraction preferably consisting of normally liquid yetrelatively high molecular weight unsaturated ring compounds.

(i) Terpenes or lignin materials such as terpentine, pinene, abieticacid or various crude mixtures containing the same such as tallol, pineoil, rosin oil or their derivatives.

(7) Small amounts of esters or salts in which a metal forms part of theacid radical, for example, such compounds as the phenyl, benzyl, toluyl,cresyl, ethyl, amyl, butyl, propyl and other aryl or alkyl esters oracids including antimony, bismuth, tungsten, chromium, vanadium,thorium, molybdenum, tantalum, columbium, manganese and, lesspreferably, metals such as iron, lead, tin, or zinc, these metals in allcases preferably all being in a state less than their maximum oxidizedstate and in fous condition so as to form "ites" although in someinstances the "ic acids may be utilized which will form the ates.

Although these compounds preferably have an oxygen atom linking themetal to the carbon of the alkyl or aryl group, it is also possible touse similar compounds in which the carbon is linked directly to themetal atom or in which the intermediate linkage is by way of a sulfuratom rather than an oxygen atom.

of poly-nuclear nature aremost satisfactorily employed, it is alsopossible to use in combination with or in lieu of such compounds withthe lecithin the following compounds:

(a) Monohydroxy-aryl compounds such as phenol and its derivatives;

(b) Monoamino-aryl compounds such as aniline, diphenylamine,acetanilide, acetalaniline, dimethylaniline, amino-diphenyl, benzideneand their derivatives;

(c) Amin condensation products with aldehydes and ketones, such asbenzalanilines, formylalphanaphthylamine, butyraldehyde-aniline,aldolaniline and their derivatives;

(d) Nitrogen or oxygen ring compounds, such as furfural, furfurylalcohol, fureic acid, diphenylguanidine, p-dimethylamino phenylpphenetidylguanidine, pyridine, acridine, triazine, piperidine,quinoline, uric acid, urea, morpholin and their derivatives;

(e) Sulphur compounds such as thiodiphenylamine, methyl, ethyl, benzylor phenyl sulphides or mercaptans, phenyl disulphide, benzyl sulphideand their derivatives;

(f) Cyanide compounds such as ethyl, butyl, benzyl or phenyl cuanidesand cyanogen andtheir derivatives (g) Aliphatic amines such asdimethylamine, glutamic acid, glycine, triamylamine, n-butyldiamylamine,benzyldiethylamine and their derivatives;

(71.) Small amounts of crude petroleum and preferably a crude petroleumwith a naphthenic Although lecithin is preferred for use in accordancewith this invention, it is possible to use cephalin'and other similarphosphatides of plant or animal origin. There may also be utilized nerveor brain tissues and meat scrap residues, alcohol and hydrocarbonsoluble extracts of crude sugars such as crude cane or beet sugar ortheir residues such as blackstrap molasses, for combination with thearomatic compound and lubricating oil.

'The stabilizing procedures of the present invention are most applicableto non-volatile high molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons, and theseprocedures may also be utilized with high boiling liquid hydrocarbonmixtures derived from other sources than petroleum and even in someinstances they may be used with solid high molecular weight hydrocarbonmixtures.

Less preferably, these stabilizing procedures may be employed withnon-aliphatic-hydrocarbons of high boiling point and still lesspreferably with high molecular weight glyceride oils, particularly thetriglycerides of high molecular weight fatty acids having 12 to 36carbon atoms,

which acids may contain if desired one or more double bonds or hydroxygroups.

The invention is not as desirably applicable to hydrocarbons ofvegetative origin such as rubber or latex and is not particularlyapplicable to hydrocarbon compounds of volatile nature or having a flashpoint less than about 200 F. to 250 F.

The present application is a division of application,

1940, now

Havin Patent No. 2,339,797, granted January described my invention, whatI claim 1-. A process or improving lubricating oils to decrease sludgeformation and also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion ofmetal surfaces which comprises treating the entire body of such oil witha relatively small amount of phosphatide and a mononuclear aromaticsulfur containing compound sumcient to'decrease oils to sludge formationof the said oil.

2. A process of improvlnl lubricating 5 I Serial No. 359,105, filedSeptember so,

' oi such oil with formation and also to decrease their tendency tocause'corrosion of metal surlaces which comprises treating the entirebody a relatively small amount of a phosphstide and thiodinhenylaminesuillcient to decrease sludge formation of the said oil.

3. A process of improving lubricating oils to decrease sludge formationand also to decrease their tendency to cause corrosion of metal surfaceswhich comprises treating the entire body decrease sludse of such ,oilwith a relatively small amount 01 a phosvhatide and phenyl-sulphidesufflcient to decrease sludse formation otthe said oil.

- SIDNEY MUSHER.

